Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an injury or physiological disruption of brain function resulting from an external force, typically indicated by new or worsening changes in mental status such as confusion, disorientation, or slower thinking, and loss of memory.
TBI and PTSD additionally share many overlapping symptoms such as fatigue, memory and attention difficulty, irritability, anxiety, and depression; as such, TBI often goes undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, or untreated. TBI also has additional symptoms, including personality changes, impulsivity, insomnia, aggression, impaired executive functioning, headaches, and changes in motor skills. Leaving symptoms, even mild ones, untreated may cause or amplify other issues such as addiction, family dysfunction, and attempts at suicide.